چکیده:
With the entry of humans into the Neolithic period and the change in subsistence methods from gathering and collecting food to food production through agriculture and animal husbandry, the creation of artistic and symbolic works changes in line with the changing subsistence method. The agricultural subsistence method brought about a high dependency on the land, its fertility, and productivity, and Neolithic humans were looking for different ways to achieve greater and more reliable use and exploitation of the land and greater prosperity in agricultural work. Natural events that changed their livelihood were unpredictable, unavoidable, and always present. Therefore, Neolithic humans tried to benefit from the blessings of life and avoid its harms through beliefs and ritual customs. In fact, due to the dependence of Neolithic humans on their surrounding environment and nature, they always tried to somehow master these natural factors. Therefore, the creation of figurines and symbols attracted their attention for this purpose. The creation of female figurines and the exaggeration in displaying organs related to fertility and childbirth suggests that these figurines were used as symbols of fertility and fecundity to guarantee and provide agricultural subsistence and to remain safe from its risks.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In fact, the creation of female figurines as one of the symbolic works of the Neolithic period is a manifestation of human effort in this direction to increase the fertility and productivity of the earth.
In fact, it is from this period onward that the creation of artistic and symbolic works changes in line with the change in the type of livelihood—a livelihood that has complete dependence on the land and its fertility, and a human who is looking for different ways to use and increase the productivity of the land.
However, with the entry of humans into the Neolithic era and the change in livelihood methods from hunting and food gathering to food production through animal husbandry and agriculture, and the necessity of sedentism and living in plains, we observe the creation of artistic and symbolic works in the form of female figurines; and also since agricultural livelihood had a great dependence on the land and its fertility, Neolithic humans were always looking for different ways to use and increase productivity from the land to provide for their livelihood and to overcome forces that in some way threatened their livelihood.
In line with this thinking, in the Neolithic period, when humans move from caves and rock shelters toward the plains and become sedentary, and change their livelihood method from hunting and gathering food to food production through animal husbandry and agriculture, we observe this effort to provide and guarantee food in another way in their behavior.
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