چکیده:
Investigating the role of communication routes in cultural/commercial ties, especially in the subcontinent region with Iran, based on archaeological data, is a new endeavor that this article attempts to address. Since archaeology is a growing science that discovers the remains of human works throughout history, it provides the best evidence for understanding human relations, showing close cooperation between neighboring countries. Researching the influence and impact of the Indus and Iranian civilizations, considering the communication routes and the continuous flow of trade along these paths, unravels many unknowns that the people of this vast region seek in the development of their various relations and interactions. To what extent cultural elements have moved from East to West or West to East through trade, and where their original and true origins lie, are questions this article attempts to answer. Finally, it responds to the hypothesis that by reviving ancient routes, an acceptable level of security can be achieved for the nations living in this vast geographical expanse.
خلاصه ماشینی:
This latter route was the path of the Harappa and Mohenjo-daro civilizations along the Indus River, Mundigak in Afghanistan, and Shahr-e Sukhteh in Sistan, and it connected these regions to Chah Bahar via Bampur, and from there via the sea to Khuzestan and southern Mesopotamia.
Many archaeological excavations conducted in the Indus Valley, especially at the ancient sites of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa (Dales 1965: 145-150 and Rao 1985: 711), Baluchistan, Shahr-e Sukhteh, southern regions of Iran particularly Shahdad, Tepe Yahya, Tell Abu Iblis, as well as in Bahrain and Mesopotamia, have provided much evidence to the archaeological world that contains new views for understanding the prehistoric background of these two countries.
In the late ninth century, due to political reasons, insecurity, ethnic wars, as well as the discovery of new maritime routes, advancements in navigation, and also economic recession and cultural decline in Central Asia and Afghanistan after the Timurid rule, and finally the decision of the Chinese Empire to close its western borders in 1424 AD, this trade trend gradually declined, communication routes suffered a recession, and the Silk Road lost its importance (Amiri, 1378: 54-55).
Conclusion Considering the numerous objects and documents found from Yahya Tepe and reliable evidence from ancient sites extending to Mesopotamia on one side and the Indus Valley on the other, it can be concluded that trade relations were an important connecting factor of the ancient world and consequently, has been the factor for the expansion of advanced civilizations to other regions.
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