چکیده:
If the myth of the fertility goddess and the martyred vegetation deity is analyzed based on the views of structuralist mythologists, it justifies the ancient human's belief in the rebirth of plants in the spring season. In this myth, which has been prevalent in Mesopotamia, Egypt, ancient India, and potentially among the natives of the Iranian plateau, the role of the plant is held by a deity who, by accepting temporary exile or death, goes to the underworld and after some time returns to the earth in a new form, bringing blessing and fertility with them. This belief has remained in various cultures in the form of narratives such as Isis and Osiris, Cybele and Attis, Adonis and Aphrodite, Tammuz and Ishtar, Ra and Sita, and similar ones. Although less frequently seen in Iranian mythological culture to explicitly express this belief, the story of Siyavash may be a scheme of this belief recorded in a historical period. In this story, it is as if Siyavash is the same vegetation deity who brings renewed life through his sacrifice. The role of the fertility goddess in this story is held by Sudabeh. Common elements in the myth of the vegetation deity and the story of Siyavash, such as: reliance on the important role of women, love and marriage, martyrdom and rebirth, attention to mourning rituals, water and plants, and bestowing blessings, support this claim. In this article, by looking at different narratives of the aforementioned myth in neighboring cultures, the common elements of the Siyavash story and the myth of the fertility goddess and the vegetation deity are represented.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In this myth, which has been prevalent in Mesopotamia, Egypt, ancient India, and occasionally among the natives of the Iranian plateau, the role of the plant is divine; the deity accepts temporary exile or death, goes to the underworld, and after a while returns to the earth in a new form, bringing blessing and rebirth with it.
Common elements in the myth of the vegetation deity and the story of Siyavash, such as: reliance on the important role of women, love and marriage, martyrdom and rebirth, attention to mourning rituals, water and plants, and bestowing blessings, support this claim.
In this article, by looking at different narratives of the aforementioned myth in neighboring cultures, the common elements of the Siyavash story and the myth of the fertility goddess and the vegetation deity are represented.
In the following, by looking at the myths existing in Greece, Mesopotamia, Egypt, and ancient India, the myth of the fertility goddess and the vegetation deity, along with their prominent elements that are similar to the story of Siyavash, will be presented.
(Bahar 5731:593) In this regard, perhaps the story of Siyavash can be considered a faint outline of older beliefs that took shape in ancient Iran under the influence of myths based on the vegetation deity and the goddess of fertility.
The different pattern of some of these marriages, which is contrary to the marriage rituals in Iranian traditions, and the god-like role of the children resulting from these unions, and their repetitive birth and martyrdom, may be a reflection of the life and death of the vegetation deity in the mythological narratives of the natives of ancient Iran and the people of Mesopotamia in the Shahnameh.
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