چکیده:
Debate can be considered an independent literary genre that has its own branches and types, or in other words, sub-species. Among these sub-species, one can mention the debate of the elements. In the first part of this writing, a short introduction about debate and the term 'Zaban-e Hal' (the language of state/condition), as well as the origin and quality of the presence of the 'Four Elements' in Islamic civilization, is presented, and then the manuscript is introduced and the characteristics of the 'Debate of the Four Elements' by Khwandamir are examined. In the second part, the text of this debate, which is complete and excellent in its own type, has been corrected and edited based on the single manuscript preserved in the Sepahsalar School Library. This work is worthy of attention due to its innovations, the author's credibility in the history and literature of Iran, and for the purpose of examining the evolution of Persian debate writing.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In the first section of this writing, a short introduction regarding debate and the term "zaban-e hal" (language of state/expression of condition) is provided, as well as the origin and quality of the presence of the "four elements" in Islamic civilization; then, the introduction of the manuscript and the examination of the characteristics of the debate of the four elements by Khavandmir are addressed.
For example, in the debate of the four elements by Khavandmir, which is the subject of this writing, the author has perceived from the appearance of fire arrogance and tyranny, from wind lightheadedness, from water caution, and from earth humility and immobility; whereas Nizami, in the first essay of Makhzan al-Asrar, in a passage where, of course, there is no debate taking place, attributes other qualities to these elements: The robes of the heavens do not suit you, O Earthly one, and nothing suits you but earth; Arrogance was the profession of Fire, but you shall not remain happy with that single trait; Be of the nature of Water and flow more lightly, for light water comes at a high price; Wind was light-spirited in its rotation, yet you are more precious than Mount Qaf.
(Nizami, 47) Part B) The origin of belief in the four elements and the quality of its presence in Islamic civilization The four elements, four elements, four humors, and other such titles, which have a high frequency in Islamic civilization in philosophy (the section of physics), medicine, literature, and other Islamic written works, apparently have roots in the views of the pre-Socratic thinkers of Greece.
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