Manifestations of people's culture in the caricatures of Tawfiq newspaper مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

*Manouchehr Ehteshami Manifestations of Folk Culture in the Caricatures of Tawfiq Newspaper Satire, whose position and domain for centuries were in the divans of poets, hikayat (storytelling) books, pahlevan-namehs (heroic epics), ayyar-namehs (stories of rogue heroes), fotuvvat-namehs (chivalry tales), jang-namehs (war chronicles), safinahs (nautical treatises), and sporadic specialized collections such as: Nathr al-Durr by Abu Said Abi, the Lectures of Raghib Isfahani, Ubayd, the Divan of Bushaq At'amah, Lata'if al-Tawa'if, and similar works; and which, less than a hundred years before that, had just begun to step into the world of Ta'ziyeh through the efforts of Ta'ziyeh performers and organizers; simultaneously with the formation of the Constitutional Revolution, suddenly stepped into the attractive world of journalism and began a new life. Drawing from "folk culture" in journalistic satire, especially in humorous newspapers, as a method that has proven itself and emerged successful, became the focus of professional satirists—and of course, semi-professionals1—and people like "Hossein Mojarad"—who after the years 1313 published the periodical "Bongah-e Khandeh" (The Laughter Agency) with single-issue permits—presented their content finger by finger, in harmony and in sync with public taste and the understanding of the vast masses of the lower strata of urban society, particularly through borrowing from Nasim-e Shomal as well as popular songs, idioms, plays, and theatrical performances of the day.