Other articles: Social capital in Iran, current status, future outlook and possibility of transition مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

Results: Given the low level of social capital and the dominance of the old type over the new, and its negative role in preventing the achievement of collective cohesion at the national level, it is essential to strengthen new social capital, especially in the dimension of associative relations and its positive consequences through the reform and improvement of the social environment of individual and collective actors, strengthening civil institutions, and reforming the perceptions and actions of individuals. 1) Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Social Capital In every society, the social subsystem, in connection with other cultural, political, and economic subsystems, is the primary source and domain of social relations and interactions accompanied by feelings and emotions, which generates mutual obligations to connect actors to one another and create trust, solidarity, cohesion, and the warm environment and synergy necessary for physical and psychological health and social vitality. o)} &%02520EFRG025G% 1-1) Manifestation of the concept of social capital in the works of experts and classic perspectives The subject of social capital in its objective and structural dimension at the macro level has been considered by Durkheim (1980), its mental or cognitive dimension at the micro level by Weber (1994) and Mead (1967), and its communicative and interactive dimension at the level of the network of relations by Simmel (1959). In Ghana and Uganda, people such as Narayan and Cassidy also analyzed social capital in the structural and interactional dimensions, emphasizing the network of relationships between individuals and groups, and its effects on collective cohesion and&%02521EFRG025G% social development in the narrowest sense showed (Narayan & Cassidy, 2001; as cited in Tajbakhsh, 2005: 29-54).