چکیده:
It clarifies his motivations in his transcendental turn and presents a perspective on what for Husserl constitutes rigorous and ideal philosophy. This article pursues the clarification of these concepts in the shadow of presenting the central issues of this book. Phenomenology is the subject of discussion and research for Husserl, the famous German philosopher. The book 'Ideas of Phenomenology' is the written form of a series of lectures by Husserl at the University of Göttingen. In these lectures, Husserl spoke for the first time about the basic ideas of his later phenomenology, which has significant distinctions from his approach in logical research. Despite its brevity, this book provides definitions of the fundamental concepts that Husserl draws upon in his later thought, as well as concerns and
خلاصه ماشینی:
Descartes and the Question of the Starting Point The necessity of keeping in mind absolutely given data4, data in which no kind of doubt can penetrate and which is the ideal of cognition, imposes itself upon us in the first step of designing a theory of cognition.
Of course, the objects in question are universal essences that are given to consciousness in an absolute manner.
The way cognition attains its natural object, which is among the most complex issues in the philosophical approach, is not even subject to doubt in this approach.
They do not realize that this question destabilizes their position as scientists of the natural sciences, and when the possibility of such cognition is under doubt, the achievements of this cognition cannot be used in any valid way.
In addition to the acts of consciousness that can present themselves in intuition1 so that their nature and meaning can be weighed and revealed, we can present self-givenness itself in observation, and this is the basis that provides the possibility for the critique of cognition.
Discovery of Transcendence in Givenness To have the pure phenomenon, it is necessary to bracket the empirical I, objective time2, and the natural world.
Cognition, within itself, constitutes types of objects and, through them, types of transcendences; in the process of eidetic abstraction, by working with pure possibilities provided by perception, imagination, or memory, the universal is presented to consciousness.
(
, 
, 
)
