چکیده:
One of the most important literary devices that causes ambiguity in speech and increases the reader's hesitation is the ambiguity of proportionality. This technique, which from the perspective of the ancients was mostly referred to as ambiguity (rather than ambiguity of proportionality), has manifested more significantly in terms of quantity and quality in Khaqani's poetry, to the point where it can be said to be one of his stylistic characteristics and has had a significant impact on the formation of Khaqani's complex and difficult style. Khaqani is one of the few poets who has been able to decorate the essence of poetry to such an extent with this technique and consciously utilize it for the difficulty and obscurity of his poetry. He has made innovations in this field that have remained hidden from the view of most rhetoricians. Sometimes, by employing the ambiguity of proportionality, Khaqani makes it difficult for the reader to directly and correctly understand the concept of the poem. In this article, while examining and criticizing the views of rhetoricians regarding ambiguity and the ambiguity of proportionality, the manner in which the ambiguity of proportionality is employed in the qasidas of Khaqani is addressed.
خلاصه ماشینی:
(Sajjadi, 1531:59) Dr. Ahmad Ghanipour Malekshah in an article titled "Ambiguity and its Types in the Qasidas of Khaqani," confirms the existence of far and near meanings in ambiguity and writes: "The reader first goes to the near meaning; but the intention of the speaker or writer is often the far meaning.
Dr. Shamisa, in the footnote of "The Art of Ambiguity" in the second edition of the book Negahi Tazeh be Badi', says: "The ancients used to say in the definition of ambiguity that a word has two meanings, near and far, and the intention of the speaker, is the far meaning.
For example, regarding the spider and the pigeon, which in the Cave of Thawr deceived the disbelievers by weaving a web and laying eggs so that the Seal of the Prophets (PBUH) and Abu Bakr would remain safe inside the cave—a matter referred to in the Divans of most poets, and which Khaqani has also used many times in his own Divan—he says in a verse to deceive the audience: چون کبوتر نامه آورد از سفر نعم البرید عنکبوتآسا خبر داد از حضر نعم الفتی (Ibid, 12) Neither the pigeon nor the spider has more than one meaning (unlike ambiguity of proportionality, where at least one of the words must have two or more meanings), nor do they possess that famous proportionality (allusion); because the spider in the cave gave news of absence.
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