چکیده:
Mirza Mohammad Hassan Shirazi, known as Mirza-ye Bozorg, passed away in the year 2131 AH in the city of Samarra, Iraq, and the seminary he had established in that city was immediately closed. A large number of scholars, students, and researchers turned towards the Najaf seminary, which had been founded hundreds of years earlier, and settled there. This event led to the strengthening of the Najaf seminary and the emergence of various schools of ijtihad within it. Akhund Mulla Mohammad Kazem Khorasani, one of the original researchers of the Najaf seminary, led the industry-oriented school of ijtihad, while Sayyid Mohammad Kazem Tabataba'i, who was among the migrants to Samarra and those returning from the seminary of that land, taught the عرف (custom/tradition)-oriented school of ijtihad. These two schools each had followers and continued in such a way that they later spread to the newly established Imami Shiite seminaries, which were naturally founded by the graduates of each of the two schools. The characteristics of each of the two schools are noteworthy and worthy of investigation, and they are very effective and useful for transformation in jurisprudential thinking and theorizing. In this article, we aim first to examine the characteristics of industry-oriented ijtihad. Then, we will provide a report on the jurisprudential school of Akhund Mulla Mohammad Kazem Khorasani.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Akhund returned to Najaf and took up teaching, and due to his distinction in his Usul (principles) discussions—by virtue of the breadth of his vision in profound philosophical thoughts and conciseness in discussion by removing redundant content and overlooking unimportant details—Akhund was able to become the top-ranking teacher in the seminary, despite the presence of great scholars known from the school of Sheikh Ansari, such as Mirza Habibullah Rashti, Sheikh Hadi Tehrani, Akhund Mulla Ali Nahavandi, and others.
Sheikh Agha Bozorg Tehrani writes in al-Dhari'a: "Kifayat al-Usul is a comprehensive text in the principles of jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh) by our Sheikh, Akhund Mulla Muhammad Kazim al-Harawi al-Khorasani, deceased in the year 1323 AH, which has incorporated philosophical issues into the science of Usul more than its predecessors, such as the authors of al-Rasa'il (Fara'id al-Usul), al-Fusul, and al-Qawanin.
Abd al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Adudi, one of the prominent figures of this science among the Sunnis, in the book "Sharh al-Mukhtasar al-Muntaha"51, and some great Shiite scholars, including Sheikh Tusi61 and Sayyid Murtada71, have expressed the view that the command removes the effect of the prohibition, and the ruling of the subject follows the conditions existing before the time of the prohibition.
" Khorasani says that our companions—meaning all Imami scholars—are followers of the theory of Taswib, and they say that God has a ruling in every issue that mujtahids might reach, but it is also possible that their efforts may be erroneous and they do not reach the truth.
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