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The September 11 Incident; the War on Terrorism, and the Sovereignty and Security of States (A Legal Review) مقاله

عنوان اصلی: حادثه 11 سپتامبر؛ جنگ علیه تروریسم، و حاکمیت و امنیت دولتها (یک بررسی حقوقی)

ISC (‎24 صفحه - از 83 تا 106 )

کلیدواژه ها: terrorism obligations Genocide Crimes against Humanity International Criminal Court International Responsibility International Court of Justice International crimes Jus Cogens prohibition of the use of force Self-defense Security Council, General Assembly (United Nations) Act of war Judicial prosecution

چکیده:

Every significant incident, especially one with global dimensions, challenges international law. The events of September 11, 2001, in the United States prompted the awakened conscience of the world to reflect on the role of international law. The legal description of these events and, consequently, the type of legitimate reaction to them, as well as an examination of the legal validity of the United States' actions in deploying armed forces to Afghanistan, the removal of the Taliban regime, and finally, the threats to other states by the U.S., are all subjects examined in the present article. The militaristic approach of the governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the usurping Zionist regime, in addition to the Indian government's recourse to the concept of defense against terrorism to impose its views on the Pakistani government to resolve the dispute between the two states, is currently giving rise to the formation of an international practice based on which states may arbitrarily, relying on the concept of "self-defense," ignore the prohibition of the threat or use of force and resolve their domestic opposition or international conflicts in a coercive manner. But will we witness the evolution of such a confrontation in international law?

خلاصه ماشینی:

The September 11 Incident; War Against Terrorism, and the Sovereignty and Security of States (A Legal Review) Submission Date: 18/1/02 Approval Date: 18/3/5 Author: Seyed Kamaluddin Mohammad Rafiee* Keywords Terrorism-International Crimes-Security Council, General Assembly (United Nations)-Jus Cogens-Obligations-Crimes against Humanity-Genocide-Act of War-Self-Defense-International Criminal Court-International Court of Justice-Prohibition of the Use of Force-International Responsibility-Judicial Prosecution. In any case, this article will attempt to evaluate the legitimacy of the ongoing or potential actions of the United States and its allies by briefly examining the phenomenon of terrorism and analyzing the nature of the September 11 attacks, then studying resolutions 1373 (September 28, 2001) and 1405 (May 2002), and finally providing a legal analysis of the issue of self-defense against terrorist operations. 22 However, on the other hand, another group of experts, by describing the events of September 11 as a violation of an erga omnes rule of international law due to the use of force, threat to peace, violation of Charter provisions, violation of the 1970 Hague Convention on the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes32, act of war42 and attack on the national sovereignty of the United States52, have considered military operations against Afghanistan to be legitimate.


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