Judgment in Islam مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

By necessity, the Caliph appointed judges on his behalf to be engaged in judicial matters in various regions, and their deputies would resolve people's disputes according to the rulings of the Quran and Sunnah. The handling of civil and criminal claims of ordinary people was the responsibility of the judge, while major claims, which were significant either due to the amount claimed or the status of the parties involved, were brought before the "Qadi al-Mazalim" (Judge of Grievances). The jurisdiction of the Qadi al-Mazalim included the following matters: 1- Handling people's claims against government officials. The position of Qadi al-Mazalim was the highest judicial office, under whose influence and authority all state officials, except for the Caliph, were placed. During the first era of the Abbasid Caliphs, the sphere of power for judges expanded, and in addition to settling people's claims, matters of endowments (Awqaf) and the appointment of trustees were also entrusted to them. The judicial office held extraordinary importance during the Abbasid era: for example, 'Yahya ibn Aktham,' who was one of the judges, reached the command of the war against the Romans during the caliphate of Ma'mun, and his student became the Qadi al-Qudah during the time of al-Wathiq: 'Ibn Masruq al-Kindi' raised the status of the judiciary to such an extent that he did not bow his head to the power of the governor and, contrary to previous custom, did not attend his assembly!