چکیده:
Liberalism (libertarianism) is a political school of thought that considers individual freedom to be fundamental. In this article, first, the underlying structure of liberalism is briefly mentioned, and then it is addressed that the school in question has its roots in the beliefs of the Stoics and even before that in the views of Plato and Aristotle. After that, the views of great liberal theorists will be examined. Liberalism is divided into two branches, religious and political, the results of which in the social sphere, such as the overthrow of the slavery system in the world and the establishment of the foundations of individual freedom and human rights, are noteworthy. Kalila and Dimna and Marzban-nameh, as ancient literary social texts, are full of political and social approaches that sometimes reflect the liberal thoughts of the author. Although Kalila and Dimna and Marzban-nameh belong to a different example and model of liberalism, an attempt has been made to express references regarding the similarities of the themes of these two great political works with liberalism.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In these literary-political texts, liberalist concepts are expressed clearly and explicitly through the language of small animals such as the rabbit (in the tale of the rabbit that killed the lion by trickery from Kalila and Demna) and the mouse (in the story of the mouse and the snake from Marzbannameh), so that the kings of the time—considering the results obtained from the stories—may take heed and reduce the pressure of despotism on the subjects slightly, thereby granting stability and continuity to their rule.
Journal of Persian Language and Literature Vol. 4-No. 01-Spring 99 Liberalism and the Similarities of the Themes of "Kalila and Demna" and "Marzban-nameh" with It Dr. Khadijeh Etminan Graduate of Persian Language and Literature, Payame Noor University-Tehran Center Abstract Liberalism (freedom-seeking) is a political school of thought that considers individual freedom to be fundamental.
For example, Kalila and Demna and Marzban-nameh are among the eternal literary works that cleverly and clearly manifest political developments, including freedom-seeking (liberalism), in order to teach the powerful of society, especially the Sultan, the lesson of freedom, and to reduce the pressures of political tyranny on the people of the time, and thereby fulfill their moral, social, and political mission.
The rabbit is a liberal who rises up to achieve freedom and defend the rights of his fellow creatures, recording forever in history that kings, despite their authority, possess little intelligence or wisdom, and are so infatuated with their status and position that the ability to distinguish between good and evil is stripped from them.
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