The Position of Science in Husserl's Phenomenological System مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

Husserl places the starting point of his intended formulation of the idea of science amidst the rise of such naturalistic approaches and, more precisely, positivist viewpoints, and through a different orientation within them, proceeds to formulate his intended idea of science, a scientific idea which, in his view, has the assumed goal of nothing other than achieving a systematic totality of cognition and reaching general and certain judgments and truths. " In his book, Philosophy, Husserl expresses the general characteristics of his idea of science (which he always considers identical to the idea of philosophy) as follows: "According to the idea of philosophy, philosophy must be a cognitive one based on a higher and ultimate discoverable self-consciousness, [meaning] a higher and ultimate effort for understanding and justifying itself, which must guide the cognized object in its cognitive acts at every moment; in other words, it must be a science that provides its own absolute justification and, moreover, must be a universal science. 7 On this basis, phenomenology, as a specific eidetic science, is the very same Husserlian scientific ideal, an ideal that, in his view, due to its specific nature, can attain a multitude of certain intuitions with universal and absolute validity, intuitions which, according to Husserl, are considered the distinguishing factor of his scientific ideal and the intrinsic idea of his intended science. A method through which consciousness is guided toward ideas formed free from any objectivity established based on the natural and human sciences, and through this, achieves the discovery of essence and general science according to an eidetic attitude.