Essential rules for the validity of electronic transactions in the global arena مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

The most important regulations of this type include: (1) Obligations under which sellers must provide certain information regarding themselves or the transaction; and (2) the requirements of the Electronic Signatures Law regarding the provision of information and the expression of consent in consumer contracts. For example, whenever the governing law obliges financial institutions to provide monthly statements to their customers in writing and a financial institution wishes to deliver said monthly statements in electronic form, in this case, the transaction through which the consumer opens their online account must include certain specific information, and it is necessary for the financial institution to obtain the consumer's consent regarding the receipt of these statements. In the United States, the Electronic Signatures Act and the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act generally provide that the validity, authenticity, or enforceability of an electronic document may be denied if the document is in a form that lacks the capability of storage and reproduction for subsequent reference by the parties or any person entitled to maintaining a contract or other document. Examples of electronic signatures (which are valid according to the Electronic Signatures Act and the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act) include: a) A name typed by the author at the end of an electronic message; b) A digitized image of a handwritten signature that is attached to the electronic document; c) A code, password, or secret personal identification number used to identify the sender to the recipient (such as what occurs with ATM cards and credit cards); d) A unique identifier based on biological components such as fingerprints, voice, or retina scans; e) Clicking with a mouse (for example, on the phrase "I accept"); f) A sound (such as a sound created by pressing button number 9 on a telephone device to declare consent); g) A digital signature (created through the use of public key cryptography).