چکیده:
Sheikh Ishraq belongs to the school of bipartite logic. In Talwihat and Lamahat, he follows the Peripatetic school to some extent, but in Hikmat al-Ishraq and Mashari', he takes a critical approach toward Aristotelian logic. Suhrawardi has many innovations in logic, some of which are very famous and have been reported, criticized, and analyzed, while others have not received attention. Analogy (Tamthil) is an example of the second category of Sheikh Ishraq's innovations. In defining analogy, by adopting the concept of 'intelligible matter' instead of 'particular,' he opens a new path. The importance of this change in expression can be analyzed based on the conflict with the public definition or the rule 'the particular is not a cause and does not acquire,' and Ibn Taymiyyah's challenge to the theory regarding the logical invalidity of analogy.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The importance of this change in phrasing can be analyzed based on the conflict with the definition of the majority or the rule "the particular is neither a cause nor acquired" (al-juz'i laysa bi-kasib wa la muktasab), and Ibn Taymiyyah's challenge to the theory regarding the logical invalidity of analogy.
Keywords: Suhrawardi, Al-Mashari' wa al-Mutarahat, Analogy (Tamthil), Farabi, Particular (Juz'i), Ibn Taymiyyah.
Although the correction of this work is subject to criticism and review, the purpose of the present writing is not to criticize it or state its strengths, precision, and instances of flaws, but rather I use its publication as a pretext to discuss an example of Sheikh Ishraq's (549-587) innovation in the field of logic and to analyze its epistemological foundations and historical roots.
Thus far, in no work related to these discussions, especially in the detailed writings of Ibn Taymiyyah (661-728) regarding the critique of the logicians' theory of analogy, have we encountered a report and critique of Sheikh Ishraq's theory.
Sheikh Ishraq does not adopt the concept of the "particular" (juz'i) in the definition of analogy in any of his works.
Conclusion In the analysis of analogy, unlike the majority of logicians, Sheikh Ishraq does not consider it the transfer of judgment from one particular to another similar to it, but instead adopts the qualification of "intelligible matter" (amr ma'qul) in the definition of analogy.
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