چکیده:
Sociological analysis of organ and tissue donation after brain death among Tehran citizens Mohammad Abdollahi, Leila Shokrai Fard The transfer of living tissue cells or organs from one individual to another in a way that their function is preserved is called transplantation. Currently, allograft (human) transplant products are chosen as the best and only possible way in the treatment of many diseases. These tissues and organs are taken from individuals whose brain death has been confirmed by physicians, and the harvesting of tissues and organs is made possible through the will and consent of the person (legal will, organ donation card, and informing the family during lifetime) or the consent of legal heirs. The low rate of organ donation relative to the high rate of brain death is considered one of the important problems and issues in organizing organ and tissue transplantation in the country. The process of organ donation, as a social action, is influenced by various factors, including socio-cultural factors. Without recognizing the factors and barriers to organ donation, solving the problem of transplant organ shortage is not possible. In this regard, the present study was conducted to analyze the social and cultural aspects of organ donation. To achieve the research objective, after reviewing medical, jurisprudential, legal, and sociological perspectives and reviewing empirical sources, an integrated conceptual framework emphasizing Parsons' social action theory was developed, and within it, the research hypotheses were proposed. After defining concepts and preparing appropriate scales, their validity and reliability were evaluated, and finally, a questionnaire was prepared and completed through sampling. The statistical sample consists of 320 Muslim citizens of Tehran aged 15 and above, including two groups: organ and tissue donors (those holding an organ donation card) and non-donors. Data description and analysis were performed at three levels. At the univariate analysis level, descriptive statistics (one-way tables and frequency distribution summary statistics) were used; at the bivariate analysis level, inferential statistics (cross-tabulations and relevant tests) were used; and in multivariate analysis, regression was employed. The research findings show that organ donation is related to individual characteristics (age, gender, level of physical health enjoyment), social characteristics (socio-economic status), and also cultural characteristics (level of awareness and education level) as inputs to the personality system, and the level of personality system development (universalism - particularism) as well as the type of attitude toward donation and the level of trust as outputs of the personality system; such that with an increase in education level, awareness about the subject, universalism, trust, and positive attitude toward organ donation, the act of organ donation increases, and conversely, with an increase in physical health enjoyment, age, and social status, organ donation decreases. Additionally, findings from the regression analysis show that trust in the medical profession and universalism have the greatest share in explaining organ donation, appearing respectively in the regression model. It is worth noting that other variables such as age, level of physical health enjoyment, attitude, gender, and socio-economic status follow in subsequent levels of importance according to their impact.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Sociological Analysis of Organ and Tissue Donation after Brain Death among Tehran Citizens Dr. Mohammad Abdollahi* Leila Shokraye Fard** Date Received: 86/6/19 Date Accepted: 86/9/25 Abstract The transfer of living tissue or an organ from one individual to another in a way that its function is preserved is called transplantation.
However, since firstly, organ transplantation requires the removal and excision of an organ from the body of living individuals, or the deceased, or a person suffering from brain death, and this means interfering with their physical integrity; and secondly, from a Sharia perspective, there are other specific rulings regarding the sanctity of not harming oneself, the sanctity of separating the organs of a corpse, and other matters, the general conclusion resulting from the examination of the jurisprudential opinions of Shia scholars expresses the permissibility of excising an organ from the body of a living human for transplantation to oneself or others, provided that the donor is competent to give consent, that the organ is not obtained from other sources, and that it is done with a rational purpose without consequences of total disability or death of the donor.
2-Description of Data The findings obtained from univariate analysis express the individual characteristics (age, gender, and physical health), socio-cultural characteristics (awareness, adherence to religious values, level of education, and socio-economic status), and personality characteristics (altruism, trust in the medical profession, and attitude toward organ donation) of the two groups: donors and non-donors.
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