Kayes' Theory in Geomorphology مقاله

چکیده:

The last three decades should be considered the decades of revision in the foundations of scientific epistemology. The publication of General Systems Theory in 1972, one year after the death of Ludwig von Bertalanffy, the proposal of fuzzy logic by Lotfi Zadeh, and the explanation of Chaos theory in 1986 by Harrison and Biswas, collapsed the foundations of the irrefutability of scientific thought. Undoubtedly, teleology and the lack of mandatory causality in systems theory, the rejection of scientific logic in explaining many multi-valued phenomena in fuzzy logic, and the fact that many behaviors and events do not follow scientific patterns in Chaos theory, revealed a reality: the inefficiency of scientific epistemology in analyzing the behavior and mechanism of all phenomena (Ramshat, 1376: 50-66; Ramshat, 1378: 52-53). A brief review of the historical course of the above theories shows that the scholarly opposition and mockery toward such views did not prevent their expansion and theorization in these categories, because the complexity of today's environmental and human systems and the human need to solve problems and dilemmas have created a reliance on such theorizations. The efforts of researchers in scientific epistemology to bring order to events have been undertaken largely because human fever for predicting the occurrence of events and behaviors has subsided, and Chaos theory points exactly to this point: although this effort has been successful in many cases, the occurrence of all events and behaviors is not subject to scientific order, and although they can be predicted, linear predictions cannot be considered an appropriate solution in these cases. The concept of Kayes in geomorphology is mostly presented in the systemic view and the category of Disequilibrium, and in the analysis of many geomorphological events and phenomena, without using non-linear techniques, especially on a long-term time scale, we will not be able to understand and explain their mechanisms. This article, which is the result of theoretical investigations of the research project on glacial آثار in the western slopes of Zafareh and its comparison with the eastern slopes of Nasar in this region, aims to explain the theoretical foundations of Chaos and its application in geomorphology. Its applied field follows this section of geographical sciences; therefore, to achieve this purpose, while explaining some concepts, it introduces a simple model of the performance of the region's water systems in the paraglacial period—using existing geomorphic examples in the Hengin and Natanz regions, which are considered clear evidence of Chaos in the general landscape of the region—and compares them with cases where this phenomenon is not observable.