Religious policy of Islamic governments in the Indian subcontinent (from the beginning to the establishment of the Babur dynasty) مقاله

چکیده:

It was Hindu, except in circumstances where they faced rebellion or non-payment of Jizya by Hindus. In addition, the presence of scholars and Sufi orders and their attitudes, especially in relation to non-Muslims, were effective factors in the religious policy of this period. However, it should be noted that in most cases, the kings of this period utilized the views of some Sufi masters to achieve their political goals. In this article, while examining the religious policy of Islamic governments in the Indian subcontinent from the beginning to the establishment of the Baburi state, the manner of interaction of Sufi orders with these Muslim governments and its impact on their religious policy is addressed. After the campaigns of Mahmud Ghaznavi, the conquest of Delhi by the great Ghurid leaders, Qutb al-Din Aibak, is considered an important turning point in the formation of Islamic orders in the Indian subcontinent. After this event, Islamic orders appeared one after another in the political geography of India. The first and most important challenge that Muslim governments in this region faced from the very beginning was the issue of ideological and ritual confrontation with the majority of Hindus who formed the main subjects of these governments. This issue, along with the lack of indigenous status of these governments, made the necessity of adopting appropriate religious policies by these states even more apparent. Examining the history of these governments in the Indian subcontinent from the beginning to the formation of the Babri state in 932 AH shows that the basis of the religious policy of these dynasties after settlement was based on collecting Jizya and religious freedom.