Guild System and Civil Society مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

1 Some social history experts of the Middle East also believe that the lack of self-governing guilds in cities has been one of the historical obstacles to the growth of industrial capitalism, the flourishing of civil society, and ultimately the emergence of bourgeois democracy in Islamic countries. Fifth: institutionalized and independent associations that are established by the members of a group and possess a common identity, social relations, and formal organization and structure, such as various professional associations, unions, syndicates, parties, societies, and craft guilds in Western countries, which are considered constituent elements of civil society. The Guild System in Iran: From the Middle Ages to the 19th Century One of the essential characteristics of the cities of Iran and other Islamic countries is the presence of a large group of urban merchants and artisans who were engaged in various types of professions common in traditional society. But the fact that the government appointed a head named Vastryoshan-salar for these sectors reinforces the suspicion that the reason for the existence of professional and guild groups, from the organizational perspective of the Sasanian state, was the collection of taxes and corvee labor, rather than the common interests of the artisan sectors. The leaders of the Bazaar guilds, who had become supporters of Dr. Mossadegh during his national struggles in the fourteenth Majlis, mostly came from the middle classes of the Bazaar and were naturally in conflict with the wealthy merchant class, who often had compromises with the governments of the time and whose center of gathering and organization was the Tehran Chamber of Commerce.