چکیده:
In recent decades, some social concepts such as secularism have undergone re-examination and re-analysis both in the Western world and in Iran. The present writing, in response to why the semantic re-examination and analysis of secularism is occurring, discusses two categories of causes: internal and external. On a global level, the reasons for this should be sought in various issues, including the increase in religion and religiosity in the world, globalization and its consequences on different spheres of societies, the increase of religious governments in the world, the inefficiency of secularist systems in Islamic societies, and the lack of capacity of secularism to solve the world's problems, including Western systems. On the internal level, the prevalence of new Western ideas in Iran, the multi-faceted nature of secularism and the one-dimensional approach of Iranian intellectuals to this concept, the transformation in the principles of intellectuals, etc., make the semantic investigation of secularism vital. Therefore, in this regard, it is necessary that while explaining the historical meaning of secularism, its mode of creation and its points of distinction and similarity with other concepts—including secularization, post-secularism—as well as its various dimensions such as political, social, and philosophical, and its individual and institutional aspects, secularism in Islam, and within the epistemological system of Muslim thinkers, etc., be addressed, which constitutes the most important goal of this article.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Secularization, which is translated as secularization, secularization, non-religiousness, and desacralization has been translated, representing a process through which humans and human societies gradually wash their hands of metaphysical dependencies at the heart of mythical thoughts and religious beliefs and content themselves with the appearances of a life devoid of meaning; and by abandoning any teleological approach and "ontological" intrusions, without looking to the sky in expectation of the descent of a pre-prepared plan, they build their own world based on human abilities, methods, and modern requirements (Berger, 1380:1).
In total, the definitions of secularism can be categorized as follows: 1: Essentialist - Paying attention to this world and turning away from other realms - Materialization of human motives and thoughts - Setting aside religion and acting according to pure reason - A rational, non-spiritual, and materialistic worldview - Becoming non-religious and desacralization 2: Consequentialist - Conscious setting aside of religion from the scene of livelihood and politics - Secularization of government - Becoming scientific or being scientific - Rational and scientific management of society - Separation of religion from politics - Distancing God from the world and interpreting and explaining matters as independent factors from His will, disposal, and destiny - Rationalizing religion - Disregard for religion - Privatization and instrumentalization of religion Also, in the field of the theoretical foundations of secularism, elements such as the primacy of reason, humanism, relativism, modernism, permissiveness, scientism, individualism, skepticism, and belief in non-divine natural and human rights can be mentioned.
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