چکیده:
The aim of this article is to examine the ethical views of Fayz Kashani. The ethical views of Fayz largely correspond to the ethical theory of Ghazali, which becomes clearly evident from the examination of two very important books: Ghazali's Ihya' Ulum al-Din and Fayz Kashani's Mahajja al-Bayda'. Ghazali's ethical school can be considered a relatively harmonious synthesis of the philosophical ethics presented in Ibn Miskawayh's Tahdhib al-Akhlaq, the ethical and mystical conduct presented in the works of previous mystics (especially Makki's Qut al-Qulub), and the ethical rulings and concepts presented in the Book and Sunnah. Fayz's theory differs in that, by utilizing the teachings of the School of Imamate, it offers a more moderate and realistic perspective on certain ethical concepts and methods compared to Ghazali.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Keywords Fayz, ethical theory, Ghazali, Ihya al-Ulum, Mahj al-Bayda, heart, internal powers, virtues and vices.
Ilm al-Mukashafa is the science of the inner reality, the ultimate goal of sciences, and a light that, after the purification and cleansing of the heart, begins to shine through divine gift; it causes that which man has learned through ordinary means regarding the knowledge of God and the unseen world, and the vague images he holds in his mind, to be revealed to him; meaning their truths become so clear to the person that it is as if he sees them with his own eyes (Ibid.
102), the two parts of acts of worship and customs in the books Ihya al-Ulum and Mahj al-Bayda discuss and examine human behaviors in individual and social life, as well as in relation to God. Attention to these two realms—the outward and inward existence of man—insofar as they relate to actions, manifests itself in Sharia in various forms, such as the classification of sins into those of the limbs (jawarih) and those of the soul/inner self (jawanih) (Fayz, Minhaj al-Najah, p.
For this reason, in the book 'Asceticism of the Soul,' which is located in the section on 'Destructives' (factors of human destruction) and before the analysis and detail of vices, after explaining the virtue and importance of good character, its nature and reality have been examined (Fayz, Ibid.
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