چکیده:
The failure of the Prophet of Islam to convert the people of Mecca after 31 years of preaching a new religion in this city, compared to the conversion of the people of Medina without his physical presence in that city and only through contact with their representatives, is one of the interesting and mysterious points in the history of early Islam. This article aims to examine, from a sociological perspective, the resistance and stubbornness in not embracing Islam by the Prophet's fellow citizens and acquaintances, and this ease in accepting the new religion by people from other tribes. In this regard, the author attempts to re-examine, with a look at the geographical conditions of the peninsula, the impact of the Arabian climate on the lifestyle and culture of these people and the cities of Mecca and Medina, which justified many of their behaviors, and then find the answer by looking at the structure of class stratification and the political, economic, and social relations of those two cities. Of course, since the article aims to understand the different reactions of two groups of people to the new religion, the teachings of this religion must also be examined so that the causes of the different reactions to it can be identified. After examining the aforementioned cases, the following results, which were the hypotheses of the article, were obtained: 'The factors for the lack of flourishing of Islam in Mecca were the incompatibility of Islamic teachings with existing beliefs and traditions, the prevailing political-economic-social relations and order, and the privileges of the aristocracy' and the factors for the growth and flourishing of Islam in Medina were 'the proximity of the Arabs to the Jews, the defeat of the Aws by the Khazraj, and the lack of a cohesive and powerful class of sheikhs and nobles to oppose Islam.'
خلاصه ماشینی:
After examining the aforementioned cases, the following results, which were the hypotheses of the article, were obtained: "The factors for the lack of Islam's flourishing in Mecca were the discrepancy between Islamic teachings and existing beliefs and traditions, the prevailing political-economic-social relations and order, and the privileges of the aristocracy" and the factors for the growth and flourishing of Islam in Medina were "the proximity of Arabs to Jews, the defeat of the Aus by the Khazraj, and the absence of a cohesive and powerful class of sheikhs and aristocrats to oppose Islam.
Of course, our initial answer to the main question of the article, namely "the reasons and causes for the lack of Islam's flourishing in Mecca," and the subsequent questions, such as the discrepancy between Islamic teachings and the beliefs and traditions of the people of Mecca, the prevailing political-economic-social relations and order, and the privileges of the nobles and notables, is provided.
Reasons for the Expansion of Opposition to Islam in the Fourth Year of the Mission Our initial answer to the first part of the main research question, namely the reasons for the lack of flourishing of Islam in Mecca, could be the discrepancy between "the teachings of this religion with existing beliefs and traditions, relationships and the prevailing (social-economic-political) order, and the privileges of the nobles and notables.
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