Social classes in ancient Iran مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

Social Classes of People in Ancient Iran Written by: Dr. Mohammad Javad Mashkur Professor at the Higher Teacher Training College and the University of Literature, Tehran In the Avesta, three classes of people are often mentioned, which consist of: Athravan Athvashter, Ratheeshtar, and Vartrye Fshiyant, meaning the class of Azarban (the "spiritual guardian of the fire"), the holder of the chariot (Artashtar), meaning the warrior, and the farmer. In the Achaemenid era, the people of Iran were divided into five classes as follows: nobles, Magi, farmers, merchants, and artisans. From the class of nobles, the seven Persian families mentioned previously were in the first rank, and military and state positions were in their hands. However, according to other Pahlavi and Arabic sources, the people of Iran during the Sassanid era were divided into the following four classes: 1- Followers of religion or Asravan 2- Warriors or Artishtaran 3- Scribes and tax collectors or Dabiran 4- The masses, which included peasants or Vastryosban and artisans or Hutukhshan; each of these classes was also divided into several guilds. In the late Sassanid era, a new position emerged in the clergy called "Musmagan" (Musmaghan), which means the elder and head of the Magi. The head of this class was in fact the Prime Minister or Grand Vizier, the head of the central organization; he initially held the title "Hazarbad," which means the commander of a thousand-man regiment, and the Shahanshah administered the country through him.