چکیده:
The scope of fiction varies slightly among different nations. In Persian literature, Maqama and Hikayat can also be considered part of fiction, whereas in European literature, fiction only includes specific modern narrative forms. In this writing, after stating the difference between the modern era and the contemporary period, and considering influential historical events, the author divides the literature of the modern and contemporary eras into seven periods, of which only the first two periods are examined in this discourse. The first period or the era of modernity (1206-1285); the second period: from the Constitutional Revolution to the reign of Reza Khan (1285-1299).
خلاصه ماشینی:
These very fictional travelogues, where they are more faithful to the indigenous culture and beliefs of Islamic Iran, are imbued with literary creativity and have paved the way for the emergence and creation of the novel in Persian literature; including the travelogue of Ibrahim Bey, written by Zayn al-Abidin Maraghei, Masir-e Talibi written by Talibov, and especially the travelogues of Mecca, which are full of elements of indigenous culture and national identity.
In the course of mentioning other common literary forms of this era, we encounter media literature; in the year 1247 SH, the most important literary press, including magazines, newspapers, or periodicals, or non-press literary works including short stories or articles and literary treatises, were published.
Second Period: An Overview of the Literature of the Era from the Post-Constitutional Period to the Rise of Reza Khan: 1258-1299 SH From a social perspective, the beginning of this era should be considered the peak of freedom and its end the nadir of tyranny, but from a literary point of view, several events occur in the field of fictional literature; including in the year 1278 SH, the novel Shams wa Tughra by Muhammad Baqir Mirza Khosravi, who himself was one of the Qajar princes is, with an understanding of the factors of failure and the reasons for the Iranian defeat and the dominance of British colonialism over the cultural and political pillars of Iran, writes this work.