چکیده:
Ibn Khaldun is a Muslim scholar of the 8th century AH (732-808 AH). In this writing, with an emphasis on his precious work 'Muqaddimah', the impact of the environment on human behavior and psychological states in two societies, Badawa (nomadic/rural life) and Hadara (urban life), is examined. From Ibn Khaldun's perspective, Badawa refers to the life of people living in environments other than the city. This environment can include rural life, nomadic life, desert life, and similar locales. Meanwhile, Hadara is specific to urban dwellers, most of whom lead civilized lives. Ibn Khaldun believes that the main occupation of people in Badawa is agriculture and animal husbandry, and they obtain their primary livelihood through this means. Life in Badawa, due to harsh environmental conditions, leads to the strengthening of characteristics such as Asabiyyah, bravery, physical and mental health, quick-temperedness, religiosity, etc., whereas urban dwellers, due to enjoying welfare, comfort, and luxury, not only lack the characteristics of Badawa residents but are also far from certain human qualities. The result of this inquiry is access to an approach based on which Ibn Khaldun, despite valuing urban society, does not hide his longing for rural society. Furthermore, it clearly highlights the impact of the rural environment and the urban environment (separately) on behavior. In fact, Ibn Khaldun's attention and emphasis on the impact of the environment on behavior and its role in the formation of Badawa and Hadara is one of the various dimensions of his theorizing and examines the most important issues in the human psyche and its connection to the geographical and social environment.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In this article, with an emphasis on his valuable work "Muqaddimah," the impact of the environment on human behavior and psychological states in two types of societies, Badawa (nomadic/rural life) and Hadara (urban life), is examined.
That is, the process of changing from a simple and deep nomadic society to a complex and diverse life (1)- Documentary method (2)- Content analysis and superficial urban life that satisfies more human inclinations, is precisely depicted; and in this depiction, the influence of the social environment on the natural and climatic environment is clearly evident, such that in three out of the six chapters of the introduction, this subject is mentioned directly or indirectly: in the first chapter, which is dedicated to examining human society in general and analyzes environmental relationships and climatic influences; the second chapter, which is dedicated to examining nomadic society and its mode of transformation; and also the fourth chapter, which examines urban development and the factors effective in its creation, development, and decline.
Ibn Khaldun says regarding this matter: "And city dwellers, because they are constantly immersed in various pleasures, luxury-seeking habits, and ease, and because they turn toward worldly desires and adopt worldly lusts, their souls have become tainted with many reprehensible qualities and evils; and to the same extent that unpleasant temperaments and ugly habits have penetrated their souls, they have distanced themselves from good methods and behaviors.
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