چکیده:
The question of the cause of the continuity of rule in some of the Arab countries of the region forms the main axis of the present writing. The reason for this is that in many countries, democratic political standards do not exist; however, the ruling regimes have been able to sustain their existence. The author's main hypothesis is that the political-military balance shapes the core policy of these regimes. In other words, the stability of leadership in these countries should be attributed to their high military capabilities. In the present article, the author examines and evaluates the roots and requirements of stability and leadership in Arab regimes—especially Egypt, Jordan, and Syria—and tests their hypothesis. The analytical history of the aforementioned countries suggests that the existing stability is of a military nature which, despite a deceptive appearance, is internally fragile and unreliable—especially in the present era. From this perspective, the succession crisis is considered a serious danger for these countries, and understanding this issue is both important and, from a security standpoint, valuable for a country like Iran, which is present in a region that has close and serious connections with Arab countries.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Contents Introduction 196 A- Stability of Arab Regimes 198 B- Political Supervision and Control and Military Capabilities 202 D- Problems that threaten the stability of Arab regimes: Leadership succession crisis 204 Conclusion 204 Notes 210 Keywords Stability Politics Economy Jordan Egypt Syria Legitimacy Militarism (*) This article is a translation and summary of the following book: , .
These methods include: increasing support for non-military personnel; attracting the attention of religious, social, and economic groups; striving to gain the support of senior commanders and high-ranking officers through individual and collective privileges and rewards; appointing members of specific groups—privileged minorities—to key positions in the armed forces; preventing the strengthening of the power of army officers through the purging and cleansing of potential opponents; providing special care; rotating commanders; and establishing independent security services that are in direct contact with the President or the King.
The ability of new leaders to gain and maintain a social base, appoint close supporters to sensitive positions, sideline rival factions, and ensure the welfare of the armed forces and the private interests of senior officers, will be the fundamental factor in stabilizing their power.
Despite the diversity in methods, political leaders generally maintain their oversight over the armed forces in four ways: First, they strengthen their non-military support by gaining the attention of economic, social, and religious groups.
Political leaders in the Arab world maintain and exercise their supervision over the army by dismissing undesirable elements through purges, developing intelligence services to ensure internal security, and creating institutions to regulate military operations.
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