چکیده:
Usuli schools can be attributed to a time, place, or great personalities, but the fundamental share belongs to those personalities. The Usuli school is a type of foundational thought based on specific views regarding the sources, foundations, topics, and divisions of the science of Usul (Principles of Jurisprudence). Differences between schools refer to general and macro differences that change the face of the science of Usul. For the Usuli school of Martyr Sadr, eight main characteristics can be enumerated: 1. Structuring: Providing a more evolved classification of the topics of the science of Usul; 2. Titling: Creating new titles along with inventing certain terms such as common and specific elements, proven evidences (adillah muhrazah), precautionary conflict (tazahum hifzi), emphatic certainty (qarn akid), Haqq al-Ta'ah, essential and topical certainty; 3. Rooting: Focusing on some underlying topics such as the difference between apparent (zahir) and real (waqi'i) rulings, the difference between indicators (amarat) and principles (usul), and the attachment of a ruling to mental titles or external subjects; 4. Theorizing: Proposing theories on reconciling apparent and real rulings, Haqq al-Ta'ah, the causality and indication of Sira, the authority of certainty, the interpretation of linguistic placement (wad'), etc.; 5. Re-creation: Completing, repairing, re-cultivating, and enriching the topics presented in chapters such as the chapter on rational evidence, conflict of evidences, and also linguistic topics; 6. Cohesion: Explaining the system of Usuli thinking and the meaningful connection of Usuli rules; 7. Historicity: Searching for historical transformations and the evolutionary eras of the science of Usul; 8. Textbook-ization: Observing educational points and employing textbook writing methods.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Although a type of difference is seen in the two aforementioned formulations of Shahid Sadr's lessons regarding the position of the topic of the authority of certainty (hujjiat al-qat') and the position of the topic of legal ruling-ology (hukm-shenasi) and its divisions, explaining these two methodologies in the division of topics and providing the necessary criteria and standards for each is very important; especially since the scholars of this science have rarely paid attention to the method of dividing the topics of the science of Usul and whether each division is comprehensive and exclusive (jami' wa mani') regarding the discussion titles.
Between these two methodologies, Shahid Sadr's choice for the advanced lectures (durus kharij) was the second methodology, and for the arrangement of the text of Halqat al-Usul, it was the first methodology; because the students of this science at the intermediate level (sath) are more in need of awareness regarding how to employ the rules of principles in Fiqh, and at the advanced level (kharij), they more need to recognize how the discussions apply to the usual method in new Usuli books; books whose discussions are arranged in the usual manner in the school of Sheikh Ansari (ibid.
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