چکیده:
The present article discusses and examines the social development approach to poverty alleviation and social welfare programs. In the final years of the 1990s, certain objective processes such as globalization, the growth of the modern global economy, and the weakening of the welfare state, alongside intellectual and cultural processes such as the critique of political and economic systems and common patterns of economic development, challenged poverty alleviation and social welfare. The result of this challenge was the proposal of the social development approach or community-oriented expansion. The social development approach to poverty alleviation and social welfare differed from common welfare and social security approaches in terms of indicators, differentiability, goals, focus, method, purposes, success measures, and implementation agents. The first part of this article addresses the historical and conceptual backgrounds of the social development approach, and the second part of the article presents the concept of poverty alleviation and social welfare with neighborhood foundations, which is the expansion of the social development approach to national levels, especially in urban areas. In this section, categories of community-oriented expansion, the application of local capacities and assets for poverty alleviation and providing welfare, the shaping of welfare services, voluntary work in the local community, and community-oriented welfare centers are discussed. The third part of the article, by evaluating the Fourth Economic, Social, and Cultural Development Plan Law, reveals the influence of the social development approach on the policies and legal articles related to poverty alleviation and social welfare within this law. The final part of the article, while concluding the discussed topics, emphasizes the necessities of expanding the social development approach in poverty alleviation and organizing the social welfare system in Iran.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Chart 2: Social and Local Dimensions of Development Patterns Processes and Characteristics Local Civil Society Weakness of the national government and growth of civil society organizations (CSOs) expansion of urban social movements importance of non-governmental organizations at local levels (NGOs) formation of community-based organizations (CBOs) increasing respect, support, and trust in local institutions Local Governance Efforts for reforms at the local level increased attention to issues at the local scale delegation of government powers to lower levels proposing the concept of local democracy efforts to improve the performance of urban services increasing public participation at the local level compared to the national level integrated management strategy at the local level Local Development Regional and urban competitiveness strategies strengthening the local position in the global economic system attracting external interests and investments at the local level combating crime and improving the local environment to attract tourists balance between local and cosmopolitan needs strengthening problem-solving abilities at the local level coalition of local leaders with the business sector Community Development Finding importance in social relations versus economic relations importance of family, neighborhood, community, and urban units emphasis on empowerment and capacity building creating mobility in people and local institutions for designing and implementing local initiatives attention to indicators such as local social capital and solidarity Giddens (1999) calls for the modernization of existing welfare institutions and defends the policy of social inclusion.
(
, 
, 
)
