چکیده:
Throughout history, the East and the West have inevitably clashed, and with the rise of Islam, these clashes took the form of conflict between Islam and Christianity. This writing refers to one aspect of these clashes. There was a period in these struggles during which Muslims achieved remarkable successes; however, from the second half of the fifth century AH, progress was often on the side of the Christians, particularly Western Christianity, which proved its superiority through deliberate actions on various fronts, until they decided to head towards the East in order to achieve a decisive victory over the Muslims; but after years of effort, they were unable to reach their desire in this regard. The Christian West continued to harbor the thought of absolute superiority over Muslims, at a time when the Islamic world was subjected to Mongol invasions. They attempted to use the Mongol force to achieve their own goals and, in this direction, undertook extensive actions and efforts, some of which are examined in this article. Ultimately, they failed in this field as well; however, as a result of these failures, the Christians gained valuable experiences, changed their method of approach, abandoned violent remedies, and adopted peaceful behaviors, including attempting to seize the strong lever of the Muslims, which was their culture and civilization, and it was the choice of this method that led them to a decisive result.
خلاصه ماشینی:
3 When the Christians crushed the power of the Muslims in the western regions and realized that there was no longer any danger from the Muslims, they began their large-scale aggression and invasion (in the year 484 AH / 1091 AD) towards the Islamic East,4 which in later periods of history is referred to as the "Crusades.
1 Of course, in this era, attention had turned toward the Western world; because, in addition to the sudden Mongol retreat from European lands, which appeared as something like a miracle to the astonished and terrified Westerners, two figures also provided effective assistance for advancing the goals of Christianity: one was Louis IX, King of France, who was titled Saint Louis (San Luis) due to his efforts in the Crusades; and the other was Pope Innocent IV, who is considered among the most important popes in the history of the Church, and through his struggles and wisdom, the Church had achieved remarkable successes.
According to the writings of Ibn al-Athir, during his reign, the call of many followers of Christ could be heard by everyone, and his camp was full of holy men and Christian monks;3 therefore, from the time Guyuk came to power, the prosperity of Christian activities in the Mongol Empire began; various groups from European lands under the titles of physician, cleric, merchant, and politician poured into his court, and each took on a role in advancing the cause of Christianity.
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