The Position and Foundations of Textual Criticism in Hadith Sciences مقاله

چکیده:

The tradition of the Infallibles (AS), the second fundamental source for discovering and explaining the divine teachings of Islam, remains for us in narrative collections today and in the era of Occultation. Since, over time, it has not been immune to change and distortion for various reasons, and its utilization in explaining the values and rulings of religion requires technical and scholarly analysis and explanation, the criticism and evaluation of narrations has been a continuous method and practice of Islamic scholars, especially Shiite thinkers. Contrary to what is popular, they have not limited themselves only to external criticism and the evaluation of their chains of transmission (isnad); rather, by utilizing the guidance of the Holy Quran, the instructions of the Infallibles (AS), rational proofs, and scientific methods, they have also paid worthy and appropriate attention to the criticism and analysis of the texts of the hadiths. Explaining the principle of the origin (sudur) of the hadith, discovering fabricated and forged narrations, explaining and discovering the context and occasion of the hadith's issuance, and discovering the indication of the words and phrases of the hadith are the most important stages of textual criticism. A hadith that is consistent with the foundations and criteria of the report from the Infallible (AS), expressed in the capacity of legislating a ruling or divine values, has been stripped of verbal and semantic distortions, and its word and phrase concepts have been analyzed and legislated according to scientific standards, will be an authoritative, reliable proof and an effective and efficient tool in explaining Islamic sciences and teachings. This article only addresses the position and manner of transmitting narrative texts in the three sciences of hadith, namely: Ilm al-Rijal, Dirayah, and Fiqh al-Hadith.