چکیده:
Business Strategies and Industrial Development in Iran during the period 1358-1377 Hadi Zenouz Behrouz* * Faculty of Economics, Allameh Tabataba'i University In this article, the impact of business strategies on the performance of the industrial sector in the post-revolution period is examined. The first hypothesis of the present research is that the import substitution policy, relying on oil exports, is inherently vulnerable and, even apart from the destructive effects of war, economic sanctions, and oil shocks, this policy would reach a dead end. To prove this hypothesis, it is shown that contrary to common perception, the import substitution policy does not lead to savings in imports. On the contrary, alongside industrial development, the need for importing capital and intermediate goods increases. However, since there is no relationship between the increase in foreign exchange needs and revenues derived from oil, capital accumulation and the rate of utilization of industrial capacities are subject to cyclical fluctuations. The second hypothesis of this research is that due to the continuity of unrestrained protectionist policies, the efficiency of resource allocation has decreased. This hypothesis has been examined through the calculation of Domestic Resource Cost (DRC) in four selected industries for the year 1375. The third hypothesis is that the long-term continuation of protectionist policy has resulted in the Iranian industry not benefiting from the dynamic advantages of export development. For this purpose, the relationship between industrial protection and limited market size, failure to exploit economies of scale, industrial concentration, and the emergence of technological inertia has been quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated.
خلاصه ماشینی:
. Trade strategy and the financial incentive system in Iran's industrial sector The incentive system(1) refers to those government actions and measures that affect the allocation of resources among industries and effectively influence the orientation of activities between exports and import substitution.
Iran's trade performance, both in the pre- and post-revolution periods, shows that the country has not been able to change its position in the global division of labor and have an active participation in the international trade of industrial goods through the development of industrial exports.
Table 4 Effective support rate using the Balassa-Samuelson method in four selected industries for the year 1375 (percent) (Refer to the page image) Table (5) Foreign trade and access to international financial resources in Iran during the period 1347-1377 (Refer to the page image) Explanations: (1) Ratio of total imports and exports to Gross Domestic Product at constant prices Source: Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, economic reports and balance sheets of various years Table (6) Ratio of increase in capital stock to increase in value added of industry and mining in the period (1351-1347) (Refer to the page image) Explanations: ?KM changes in capital stock during the period (relative to the end of the previous period) ?VAIM changes in value added during the period (relative to the end of the previous period) Source: Extracted from national accounts using the method mentioned in section 2 of the article.
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