From the Search for Knowledge towards Knowledge - The Challenge of the Last Two Decades for Japanese Universities and Higher Education Institutions مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

The main characteristics of the new structure of universities and higher education institutions after World War II are: 1- Creation of a coordinated compensation system for all university faculty members, 2- Formation of faculty councils with the presence of all faculty members, 3- Authority of the faculty councils and the precedence of this council's decisions over the opinions of the faculty deans, 4- Creation of a democratic structure in administrative relations and university management at all levels, 5- Establishment of the Science Council of Japan, whose members are all selected based on scientific merit: 6- Improvement of the quality of university management, attention to scientific merits, and creating the necessary grounds for criticizing the way universities are managed (Cummings, 4991, Nakayama, 4891, 1991). The appropriate attention paid by politicians and high-ranking government officials to the recommendations of the Science Council, especially in the post-World War II era, played an effective role in establishing the new research-based higher education structure. A very important point that has attracted the attention of researchers regarding the expansion of higher education during this period is the highly effective suitability and coordination that has emerged between social and economic expectations and needs, as evidenced by the enrollment rates in various scientific fields in universities and higher education institutions. Compared to the United States during this period, where most of its engineering students studied in aviation, nuclear physics, aerospace, and mining, this indicates the suitability of this country's university activities based on the economic and social needs and the government's industrial development programs.