چکیده:
Every verb possesses characteristics of tense, person, mood, aspect, and direction. Each of these characteristics has specific formal and semantic markers that explain their nature and function. The verb identifier indicates the person and number of the verb, and the verb stem indicates its action and tense. The mood of the verb indicates the speaker's perception of whether the verb is certain or uncertain, or whether it is imperative or non-imperative; this indication is due to factors present in the verb and the sentence. Some of these factors for the formal mood of the verb are few, and the mood cannot always be determined from the appearance of the verb alone; therefore, the meaning of the verb and other markers in the sentence, such as the accompaniment of modal words (1) with the main verb, help in recognizing the verb's mood (9/p. 93). Recognizing the mood is contingent upon identifying the verbs and their meanings, as well as identifying the factors affecting them. For example, the verbs: 'mi-ravi, beravi, boro' (you go, you may go, go) have specific formal markers ('mi' and 'be' at the beginning and 'i' at the end and the absence of an identifier) and are called indicative, subjunctive, and imperative moods, but in the sentence 'shayad amad' (perhaps he came), the verb 'amad' (he came) does not have a subjunctive marker, but the adverb 'shayad' (perhaps) has influenced it and converted its mood to subjunctive. To achieve a relatively correct understanding of the verb mood, its formal and semantic factors must be recognized, and based on those factors, a definition of mood should be provided. Due to the breadth of the semantic aspect of mood, the definitions provided on this basis are also diverse; experts have defined mood as the verb, an aspect of the verb, structures of the verb, a way of using the verb, the speaker's perception of the verb, the speaker's attitude toward the manner of performing the verb, etc. In this research, the nature of the subjunctive mood in Persian grammar is investigated.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Ali Ashraf Sadeghi and Gholamreza Arzhang, in the "Grammar of the Fourth Year of Secondary School," have written about the subjunctive mood: In this mood, the speaker considers the performance of an action to be possible, tolerable, or conditional; this mood expresses the meanings of prayer, hope, wish, desire, command, recommendation, and request (3/p 7/6).
Vahidiyan Kamyar and Omrani, in 'Persian Grammar' (1), have expressed precise and measured statements in this regard and have considered the application of the subjunctive verb as the perception of the speaker or writer, namely the non-certainty of the verb, and have known the application of the subjunctive verb in the meanings of commitment, doubt, wish, recommendation, condition, and prayer (22/p 54-55).
Dr. Mehdi Mashkooh al-Dini, in the book 'Persian Grammar Based on Gestalt Theory,' has considered the mood a grammatical element in the deep structure of the sentence; this element in the subjunctive mood refers to the non-definitiveness of the sentence concept from the perspective of the speaker (14/p 60-61).
Dr. Ahmad Shafaei, a contemporary linguist, in the book 'Scientific Foundations of Persian Grammar,' considers the subjunctive mood to be the relations of the speaker or writer towards the manner of performing the verb, which is expressed through the verb in the form of obligation, wish, doubt, and uncertainty (9/p 88-91).
Additionally, it is worth noting that Dr. Natel Khanlari considers the verb moods to be of four types: indicative, subjunctive, imperative, and conditional; however, in the section on conditional sentences, he has not provided a specific form for them in today's Persian language (16/p.
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