Matem and Macholia مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

The specific mental characteristics of melancholia include a kind of deep and painful sense of grief, the severance of interest and attention to the external world, the loss of the capacity for loving, the cessation and contraction of all activity, and the decline of feelings directed toward self-respect to the point of manifesting and expressing self-reproach, insult, and self-abasement, which ultimately reaches its peak in an imaginary and illusory expectation of being punished. Deep mourning and matam, meaning the reaction to the loss of a dear individual, involve the same painful mental state and the same sense of indifference to the external world ــ although except for cases that remind one of the lost loved one ــ and also involve the same inability and loss of capacity to choose a new subject or object for loving (which indicates the replacement and forgetting of the deceased individual) and the same form of turning away from any action related to the memory and recollections does not relate to it. Whenever a person's temperament is directed toward obsessive neurosis, the antagonism arising from this ambivalence lends a pathological color to mourning and bereavement and forces it to manifest itself in the form of ego-reproach, so that as a result of this, the mourning individual considers themselves guilty of the loss of their beloved object, meaning they believe that they themselves desired such a loss.