Science and Philosophy مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

Philosophy and Sciences at Present In the contemporary and present era, although positivism has been weakened in philosophical environments, it still prevails in scientific environments, as one wise French physicist, who is contemporary and simultaneous with us, expresses regret that positivism has not yet left the fields of physics has not departed. The reasons for this change in status and the entry of philosophy into some scientific fields can be listed as follows: 1- The emergence of the weakness of positivist viewpoints Heisenberg, in an article he wrote at the beginning of the emergence of quantum theory in 1925, stated that in constructing theories, we limit ourselves solely to observable quantities. As examples, I will mention two cases: A - In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, physicists were looking to measure the speed of the Earth's movement in the ether. Therefore, numerous examples can be mentioned from physics and biology where, when you reach the foundations and universal theories, metaphysical assumptions come into play, and this is where the mentality of the scientist plays an effective role. It would be very appropriate to mention a very, very beautiful sentence by Heisenberg; he initially thought in a positivist way, and then in the final years of his life in the seventies, he said: "I believe that some of the erroneous developments in atomic theory were the result of this error by physicists, which could have been entirely avoided by using philosophical reasoning.