Beyond the Original Pleasure مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

We know that the pleasure principle is the characteristic primary method of the mental apparatus, but from the perspective of the organism's self-preservation amidst the difficulties of the external world, this is inefficient and even highly dangerous from the very beginning. The manifestations of the compulsion to repeat (which we have described as they occur in the primary activities of mental life during childhood, and also as they occur amidst the events of psychoanalytic treatment) reveal, to a large extent, an instinctual characteristic, and when they act in opposition to the pleasure principle, they make it appear as if some kind of "demonic" force is at work. Perhaps for a long period of time, the living being was continuously recreated in this same order and died easily, until external influences changed in such a way that they forced the being, still in the process of survival, to distance itself as much as possible from the original path of life and, before reaching its goal, namely death, to traverse a more winding path. This is because, based on our hypothesis, the "self instincts" originate from the survival of inanimate matter and aim at the revival of the inanimate state; whereas the sexual instincts ــ although it is true that they reproduce the primary states of the organism ــ clearly and by every possible means seek to bestow unity upon two reproductive cells that have been separated from each other in a specific way.