Application of the critical method مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

Scientific methodology is built upon concepts such as the laws of nature, testing, systematized experience, theory, prediction, objectivity, and the like. * The reason why people have accepted the view that general and universal laws are not found in the social sciences is the observation that different societies (or even a single society at different times) have exhibited different behaviors; however, the point is that exactly the same situation prevails in natural sciences as well: (*) The assumption behind such a view is that security activities, such as war, are considered a branch of the social sciences and are not counted among the natural sciences. In fact, an organized and active experiment is nothing more than testing and trial (*) The interesting point in the above argument is not that astronomy is an accepted science and is considered so-called "kosher," but rather that even though this science is unable to conduct active organized experiments, in terms of application and use of scientific methodology, it has always been counted among the highest examples of empirical knowledge. Another argument against the application of natural science methodology in security activities, which benefits from the concept of "organized experiment," is based on the valid observation that "organized experiments (experiments) in the field of social sciences affect the predicted results. A third criticism raised against the use of natural science methodology is that organized scientific experiments cannot be applied in the field of security activities because social variables, unlike scientific variables, are not quantitatively measurable.