چکیده:
In the system of Islamic teachings, recognizing the characteristics of the Imam is of great importance, to the extent that gaining knowledge in this regard is necessary and essential. One of the best and most reliable sources for better recognizing the Ahl al-Bayt (infallibility and purity, peace be upon them) is their own words in introducing themselves, which in some cases have been narrated in Hadith collections in the form of supplications. In this research, in order to better identify the position, functions, offices, and characteristics of the Imam, a content analysis of the Arafah Supplication of Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him)—which is considered one of the most famous supplications after the Arafah Supplication of Imam Hussain (peace be upon him)—has been conducted, and through the analysis of its themes and categorization of its subjects, the main questions of the research have been answered. The findings of this research, which was conducted using the 'content analysis' method as an interdisciplinary and text-oriented research method, show that in the aforementioned supplication, 13 specific characteristics for the Infallible Imam are stated. The most important of them relate to the subject of the Imam being supported by divine power and assistance. Furthermore, the results of the content analysis of the Arafah Supplication show that Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him) has defined four specific and exclusive functions and offices for the Imam in Islamic society, such that among them, the religious authority of the Imam occupies the first place among the duties. The necessity of conducting this research lies in the fact that paying attention to these various characteristics and functions can be a guide for believers in the correct recognition of the Imam, and especially in distinguishing true and divine leaders from false leaders in different eras.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Due to the high importance of the issue of Imamology and based on various narrations, including the famous hadith of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) who says: «مَنْ ماتَ وَ لَمْ يَعْرِفْ إمامَ زَمانِهِ مَاتَ مِيتَةً جَاهِلِيَّة»(Ibn Babawayh, Muhammad bin Ali, Kamal al-Din wa Tamam al-Ni'mah, 2/409), this research intends, in order to gain awareness of the characteristics, attributes, statuses, and offices of the Infallible Imam (peace be upon him) in society, to analyze a portion of the luminous words of those holy beings and, through the tongue of an Infallible Imam (peace be upon him), discover and explain what has been stated as the attributes, characteristics, and duties of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them).
Therefore, Sayyid Ali Khan, who is among the commentators of Sahifa Sajjadiyya, considers the purpose of the Imams (peace be upon them) being chosen by God to be the establishment of God's command and religion in the world and the guidance of creation towards God, and considers the reason for this granting of leadership by God to the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) to be due to their acceptance and existential aptitude (Kabir Madani Shirazi, Sayyid Ali Khan bin Ahmad, Riyad al-Salikin fi Sharh Sahifat Sayyid al-Sajidin, 6/372).
Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, citing thirteen chapters of the book al-Kafi, for example the fourth chapter which states "The Imams (peace be upon them) are the mine of knowledge, the tree of prophethood, and the place of access for the angels" (Kulayni, Muhammad bin Yaqub, al-Kafi, 1/221) and the verse believes that all sciences and truths of the universe have been granted to the Infallibles (peace be upon them) by God, either directly or through a mediator.
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