چکیده:
The goal of many Pakistani independence leaders was linked to Islam even in the years of the struggle. After separation from India, the creation of an Islamic state or acountry for the good of the Muslims was desirable. Since 1958,with the coup of the army, by 1988,three of them (known as Ayyub Khan, Zolfaghari Ali Bhutto and Zia-ul-Haq, respectively)came to Pakistan to prioritize their actions in relation to Islam and help insociety. The position assigned toIslam in the claims ofall three individuals and their differences in the type of Islam's plan and then its exploitation is a question that this article aims to answer, as well as to clarify that in benefiting from Islam What models were introduced and how they were put into practice. The process of research and its findings will help in hypothesising. Thefindings show thatinitiallythe tendency towardsmodernization and the presenting of a new interpretation of Islam and the review of the role and influence of religious institutions were discussed and, in the future, towards a more intense developmentofinnovative and consistent interests ofshowing Islam with community-based thoughts and Socialist movement, and eventually a long decade ofIslamization was experienced in the light of the presence of the military.
خلاصه ماشینی:
From 1958, with the military coup, until 1988, three individuals (chronologically: Ayub Khan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and Zia-ul-Haq) reached the presidency of Pakistan, presenting their policy priorities in connection with Islam and seeking assistance from it in society.
Abstract: Keywords: Pakistan, Islamization, Ayub Khan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Zia-ul-Haq, Politics 1 Professor, Department of History, University of Isfahan (Corresponding Author) Chelongar@yahoo.
Given the strategic importance of exploiting Islam during the rule of the three presidents under study and the direct impact of their actions on motivating societal forces, the main question of the article is: what models of Islamization were proposed by Ayub Khan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and Zia-ul-Haq?
(Esposito, Tehran, 1391; Stephen Cohen, Pakistan, 1981; Iftikhar Hyder, London, 2008; Shahid Javed Barki, London, 1991; Zaid Hussain, Peter Blood, Washington, 1995; Dawson, 1979; Baxter, 1984; Hayes, London, 1984) and in Iran, Ahmadi Manesh, Mousavi, Safavi, and many other individuals who, in addition to the political situation and studying Pakistani affairs and even the growth of fundamentalism, also have writings regarding the events of the times of Ayub Khan, Bhutto, and Zia-ul-Haq 1 .
This article focuses on three presidents of Pakistan, namely Ayub Khan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and Zia-ul-Haq. This issue is partly due to practical reasons (such as their claims, actions, and manner of functioning) and also partly due to the need to find behavioral and pattern generalizations in the administration of the country and in facing the demands of the groups residing in that land.
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