چکیده:
The institution of the family has been given more attention in Islam than has been highlighted in the preamble of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and it is introduced as the most important context for child development. At the time of parental separation, the issue of custody and the priority of the parties in supervising the child arises, which is accompanied by conditions such that if the necessary conditions are lacking, this custody is transferred to the opposing party. At the same time, today one of the indicators of human development is the level of women's presence and the way they perform their roles in various fields of activity, which has a serious impact on other actions. The issue of preserving women's rights and non-discrimination based on gender has a specific manifestation in this regard. Success in this matter requires providing costs, for which employment is proposed to resolve. For this reason, custody and employment have been two related concepts, in such a way that caring for and raising a child requires income, which, with the aim of improving the continuous upbringing of children, is realized through the active participation of women in employment and its resulting benefits. Its clear manifestation is more apparent in Islamic law, the adaptation of which with human rights is the subject of the present research.
خلاصه ماشینی:
For this reason, custody and employment are two related concepts, in such a way that the care and upbringing of the child requires income, which, with the aim of improving the continuous upbringing of children based on the active participation of women in employment, achieves its resulting benefits.
Furthermore, the matter of caring for the child might be carried out through the mediation of others, and therefore, the fear of harm would fall upon that party (Najafi, 1404, Vol. 31: 228) Custody in Human Rights The second principle of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child states that "Every child shall enjoy special protection and, by virtue of laws and other means, shall be provided with facilities and assistance so that he may grow up in a healthy and natural manner, physically, intellectually, spiritually, and socially, in a free and worthy environment.
(بقره/ 234) The absolute and general nature of this verse also includes taking up a job; meaning, if women wish to engage in economic or social activities in a part of their lives that is free from performing the rights of others, there is no obstacle, provided that according to the words of the Quran, it is based on 'Ma'ruf'—meaning rational and human principles and the customs of society.
The General Conference of the International Labour Organization states in Convention No. 111: Any judgment or preference based on race, color, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction, or social origin, which in matters of employment and occupation would nullify or impair equality of opportunity and treatment between men and women, is prohibited.
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