چکیده:
In the present article, we examine the Murji'ite movement during the Umayyad period from a discursive perspective in order to resolve the apparent contradictions existing within its set of tendencies and approaches. As we will demonstrate, although the Murji'ite discourse had a knot or a fixed core, its beginnings as well as its meanings and implications were different in Iraq, Fararud/Khorasan, and Sham. This discourse predominantly contained a specific view regarding faith and its relationship with conduct, and alongside that, it followed several political principles. In this writing, the various social and political contexts of the formation of the Murji'ite discourse have been given special attention. What is emphasized in this writing is how various socio-political contexts in Fararud/Khorasan, Iraq, and Sham gave rise to a more or less similar attitude toward faith and caused the emergence of various political stances, including those against the Umayyad state. We will also argue that political judgment and positioning regarding the Umayyad government, as well as the will of this state—despite the importance of the relations between the Umayyads and the Murji'ah—did not play a decisive role as a primary and exclusive factor in the formation of the Murji'ite discourse.
خلاصه ماشینی:
What caused the nature of faith to become particularly central to the attention of Muslims during the middle of the first Hijri century were the internal wars after 1 Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Isma'il al-Ash'ari (1411 AH), Maqalat al-Islamiyyin wa Ikhtilaf al-Musallin, edited by Muhammad Muhyi al-Din Abd al-Hamid, vol.
Nevertheless, two stages in the theoretical struggles over faith and disbelief can be distinguished from one another: the first Murji'ism in the second half of the first Hijri century, with regard to the conduct of the companions during the Fitna, was primarily based on refraining from judging individuals' disbelief or faith due to the commission of sin and postponing that judgment to the Day of Judgment; whereas in the second century, first in Khorasan and then through the steadfastness of Abu Hanifa in Iraq, the Murji'ite view was advanced toward presenting such a definition of faith that "action" was not considered an essential part of it.
In the second half of the first century AH, Murji'ite thought was predominantly flowing in Iraq, and furthermore, its main component consisted of refraining from judging the disbelief or faith of the great figures and Muslims involved in the first Fitna, and leaving the judgment of them to God. A treatise attributed to Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah has employed such an approach in response to the Saba'iyyah and also regarding the first two caliphs, and in this respect, it differs from the main current of Iraqi Murji'ism which appeared a few years later in the uprising of Ibn al-Ash'ath.
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