چکیده:
The developments known as the Arab Spring and their significant consequences in political, economic, and cultural dimensions have altered the political equations in the Middle East. The prominent role of Islamic fundamentalist and terrorist groups such as Al-Qaeda and ISIS in recent developments, especially in the Syrian civil war and the Iraqi crisis, has completely transformed the political landscape of the Middle East. The blatant violence of ISIS in confronting other groups and actors in these countries, and the strengthening and growth of this group's political, social, and ideological base in the region and beyond, has become a major topic of discussion in academic circles. Despite structural and ideological similarities, the new wave of fundamentalism in the region has undergone significant transformation and metamorphosis in many dimensions. ISIS, which is now considered the strongest terrorist and fundamentalist group in the world, has demonstrated a new style and method in its performance and radical policymaking. The control of large parts of Iraq and Syria and the recruitment of tens of thousands of new jihadist forces from all over the world indicate the relatively successful performance of this group. In this article, an attempt has been made to conduct a case study comparison between this group and Al-Qaeda, based on the ideological and structural indicators presented by ISIS and its leaders, and to examine their structural and ideological differences.
خلاصه ماشینی:
ISIS and its leaders believe that the territory of the Islamic Caliphate must be defined and its affairs managed and organized in such a way that it can later be used as a base for territorial and ideological expansion; therefore, another unique feature of ISIS is this group's ability to convert its military force and power into governance centers in various cities and regions in Iraq and Syria, the result of which will be political control and dominance over these areas (Hassan, 2015).
- It can also be said that Al Qaeda has played and continues to play more of a supporter and nurturing role for other jihadist groups rather than being a powerful driving force that acts directly; for example, Al-Zawahiri's initial support for the creation of this group's branch in Iraq by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, and this group's efforts to create its own branch in Syria through the Al-Nusra Front, can be considered examples; in fact, ISIS, more in the position of a supporter, supports various jihadist groups in different countries so that they can create their own small, desired caliphates in these countries, so that ultimately, the ground is prepared for the final goal, which is the unified Islamic Caliphate; in this regard, it differs from the method of ISIS, which itself directly seeks to establish an Islamic Caliphate (Fishman, 2012: 6).
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