چکیده:
The science of Kalam (theology) is among the sciences that utilizes both reason and tradition in inferring creedal doctrines. Reason also has various functions in the field of Kalam, such as theoretical, practical, inferential, and defensive functions. The present article discusses the 'practical function.' One of the most important functions of practical reason in the field of Kalam is proving the goodness and badness of actions, from which various issues are extracted. In this writing, examples are mentioned that have been proven through the rule of rational goodness and badness; likewise, practical reason, relying on the rule of Lutf (grace), the prevention of potential harm, the obligation of thanking the Benefactor, and Ta'liq al-Wajib ala al-Ja'iz (suspending the obligatory upon the possible), extracts various theological issues.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In this writing, examples are mentioned that have been proven through the rule of rational goodness and badness; furthermore, practical reason, relying on the rule of grace (latf), the prevention of probable harm, the obligation of thanking the Benefactor, and ta'liq al-wajib 'ala al-ja'iz, extracts various theological issues.
However, in the station of proof and knowledge, it is not necessary to consider such a thing; rather, the prophet can, by presenting a miracle, influence the intellects of the people, make the intellects of society submissive to him, and make them obedient to his commands; then he tells the people: God is One, and the people accept it from Him, or he commands them to use observation and reasoning in the field of theology, or clarifies goodness and badness for them and enumerates ugly and good matters for them (Ibn al-Wazir, 1318 AH: 115).
" One of the issues that is proven in theology based on this rule is the discussion and examination regarding an oppressor whose good deeds are not sufficient to cover the compensation for the oppressions committed; in this case, a debate has arisen among theologians as to whether, if such an oppressor exists, it is possible for God to grant such an oppressor the power to oppress, or is it obligatory for God to prevent him from oppressing by exercising His power?
The meaning of "Lutf Muqarrib" is that the mukallaf could have reached the goal of the act by paying attention and committing to it, but for various reasons, has not undertaken such an action; such as God sending prophets for the guidance of humanity, but some people refuse to accept their commands; consequently, they are not guided and do not attain happiness.
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