چکیده:
Carl Schmitt was one of the dedicated critics of Weimar Republic and its Pluralism that criticized all socio-political transformations after French Revolution. He thought the concept of the political as a pre-requirement to the concept of government and believed that the government can be expressed only through the political. However the concept of the political is nothing but power and resolve to decide about humans and human groups relations based on friend and foe patterns. Schmitt with distinction between friend and foe performs a form of enemy- recognition and express that absolute and superior power is in recognizing the enemy. All the arguments concerning power have been in a normal state. But the main issue refers to a exceptional situation in which, the governor who has exclusive right in law and decides on the exception. This exception is like miracle that how the governor can perform miracle in exceptional situations. The governor is responsible for deciding about friend, enemy, declaring war and exception logic. In exception logic, the governor is the one who is granted by legal system the power to declare exceptional situation and thus the power to suspend the very creditability of the systems itself
خلاصه ماشینی:
This article aims to examine the logic of exception in the political philosophy of Carl Schmitt, taking into account his specific time and place.
In later years, given the conditions of war and the inefficiency of the Weimar Republic in controlling the situation, his intellectual path changed completely, and it is at this time that one might say Immanuel Kant has the greatest distance from Schmitt in the realm of politics.
"Therefore, in order to provide a useful explanation for a new political philosophy, the concept of the political system must consider an appropriate place for the issue of divergence, opposition, and the relationship of friend or enemy.
4 Until recently, the word "foe" was considered an obsolete word in the English language and was generally used in linguistic aesthetic texts, while the word enemy 5 is usually used to determine the conditions of individual or national sovereignty against those against whom we have declared war within the framework of international law.
In other words, from Schmitt's view, this degree of real probability of enmity indicates the freedom existing in the international order, and the enemy is considered an individual "foreign and other.
However, in any case, it is only this absolute sovereign, and not the direct dictator, who is capable of 2 decision-making and declaring exceptional circumstances within the structure considered by Schmitt.
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