چکیده:
Various researches have been carried out regarding the concept of rhetoric، literary criticism and the orderly theory developed by 'Abdulqāhir al-Jurjānī. Little work has been done however، concerning the comparison of the rhetorical elements developed by 'Abdulqāhir al-Jurjānī with those of others especially the western thinkers. The purpose of this paper is to make a comparison between the rhetoric as suggested by al-Jurjānī and the views of two famous western rhetoric specialists، i.e. Burke and Bakhtin. Using Persian and foreign sources، the views of these two thinkers were first analyzed and then compared with al-Jurjānī's and the similar and different points were later determined. It was concluded that the developments happening in western rhetoric which has caused a new era in rhetoric has a lot in common with al-Jurjānī's views which were suggested many centuries ago.
خلاصه ماشینی:
For example, the name of one of Abd al-Qahir's books is Asrar al-Balagha fi Ilm al-Bayan, even though in this very book he discusses topics such as rhyme (saj'), paronomasia (tajnis), antithesis (tatbiq), and beautiful causation (husn al-ta'lil); and the name of his other book is Dala'il al-I'jaz fi Ilm al-Ma'ani, yet in this book he brings up topics such as metaphor (majaz), trope (isti'ara), metonymy (kinaya), allusion (ta'rid), the criticism of rhyme (dhamm al-saj'), and forced paronomasia (tajnis mutakallaf), and explains the flaws and merits of these arts.
Dalail al-I'jaz was written with the motive of proving the rhetorical inimitability of the Quran, and along with it, Jurjani expressed many theoretical issues and points regarding the causes of beauty in speech, the value of meaning and word in opposition to each other, and the connection between meaning and the structure and form of the literary work.
Similarly, it can be said that in grammar, the rules of structure and combination are presented in terms of wording, but in Ma'ani, the discussion focuses on meaning, and in a sense, Ma'ani can be considered the spiritual discussion of grammatical issues, just as Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani calls rhetoric 'the science of the meanings of syntax'" (Shamisa, Bayan and Ma'ani, 117).
Jalal al-Din Homai also considers the science of Ma'ani to be contingent upon awareness of the combination of types of speech, and by providing examples, he proceeds to explain meanings in a way that seems to be derived from the transformation that Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani created in the definition of this knowledge: "The science of Ma'ani is a technical art through which the states of words are known in terms of their conformity with the requirements of the situation.
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