چکیده:
Since ancient times in Iran, education and training have held a special place, and with the expansion of Islam, its importance has increased. Alongside the prominent position of education in Iran, centers related to educational activities also gained importance. The formal formation process of religious science schools began with the establishment of Nizamiyehs during the Seljuk period and continued through various ups and downs until the Qajar period. In the city of Tehran, the capital of Iran during this period, we observe the highest number of mosque-schools. This issue raises the necessity of examining and studying these types of buildings from various aspects, including architecture and its associated decorations. Among these, one of the most important and largest mosque-schools of the Qajar period in Tehran is the Old Sepahsalar Mosque-School. Compared to other mosque-schools of this period, this mosque-school has undergone the least transformation in later periods. Therefore, this mosque-school can be considered one of the prominent and relatively authentic examples of the architecture of Qajar-era mosque-schools in the city of Tehran. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the architectural features and decorations of the Old Sepahsalar Mosque-School. Therefore, the history, general plan of the building, spatial-functional elements, and decorative methods used in this mosque-school have been studied and evaluated separately with a descriptive-analytical approach.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The aim of this research is to investigate and analyze the spatial-functional elements and architectural decorations of the Old Sepahsalar Mosque-Madrasah, so that through this way, a step, however small, can be taken towards identifying some of the architectural features of the Qajar-era religious science schools in the city of Tehran.
4. Spatial-Functional Elements of the Old Sepahsalar Mosque-Madrasah The Old Sepahsalar Mosque-Madrasah is built on a single floor and consists of a spacious vestibule, an entrance with two tiled minarets, a domed vestibule (hasht-i), two pillared prayer halls (shabestan), a well-designed courtyard with pillared porticos on the eastern and western sides, a number of cells (hujra) on the eastern, western, and northern sides, and cells that were added on top of them in a more recent period.
The primary entrance complex of the Old Sepahsalar Mosque-Madrasah is composed of elements and components such as the vestibule (jolo-khan), porch (pish-taq), threshold, hashti (octagonal hall), corridor, iwan, and minaret, and as a result, it possesses all the original characteristics of an entrance space complex.
The presence of two hashtis in the entrance space complex of the Old Sepahsalar Mosque-Madrasah is one of the prominent features of this building that is not seen in any of the other Qajar-era mosque-madrasahs in the city of Tehran.
In a general view, this building, like other Qajar-era mosque-madrasas of Tehran, follows a specific architectural pattern, which consists of: the set of entrance spaces, courtyard, iwan, night chamber (shabestan), cell (hujra), ablution room, and water fountain area.
(
, 
, 
)
