چکیده:
Islamophobia is a dilemma that manifests in various forms of discrimination, violence, exclusion, and insult, and the increasing expansion of this problem and its consequences has had harmful effects on Muslim communities in Western countries. The expansion and growth of Islamophobia in certain fields such as media or official and governmental levels requires serious attention and investigation due to their extensive scope of influence, capability, and deep impacts. In the United Kingdom, Muslims are the largest religious minority; therefore, paying attention to Islamophobia and its consequences in this country seems necessary. In this article, by examining Islamophobia at the official and governmental levels of the United Kingdom, we have attempted to place the concept of 'structured Islamophobia' at the center of our analysis after defining Islamophobia. Therefore, the main question and investigation of this article is how structured Islamophobia has taken shape, especially after September 11. The discussions are presented in two general axes. First, structured Islamophobia is examined within theoretical and legal frameworks (with a look at the European Convention on Human Rights and some British laws specifically related to the subject, such as the Race Relations Act and anti-terrorism laws), and then structured Islamophobia is discussed within practical and executive frameworks (such as the actions of the police and other law enforcement agencies, as well as discrimination in the implementation of anti-terrorism laws). The article seeks to express that the official and legal structure of the United Kingdom, in the part of enacting and implementing laws, has not been able to adequately protect the rights of Muslims (as a religious minority), and as a result, in recent years, we have witnessed the formation of a specific type of Islamophobia and anti-Muslim discrimination, which we have conceptualized under the title of structured Islamophobia.
خلاصه ماشینی:
79 After the passage of the anti-terrorism law in 2001 and the terrorist events of September 11, Muslims were exposed to unprecedented pressures from the British government, police forces, and other state institutions.
" Islamophobia has intensified particularly after September 11, 2001, and the passage of anti-terrorism laws, and has moved from the public and media level to organizational and legal structures, manifesting itself also in official and state institutions.
Organizations are state-run, its increasing expansion will have negative effects on the living conditions of Muslims and British society, and structural Islamophobia can be considered one of the serious problems facing Muslims in Britain.
The presentation of issues related to the existence and expansion of Islamophobia in Britain has been carried out in light of the heavy emphasis of the officials and society of this country on concepts such as tolerance, multiculturalism, human rights, respect for minority rights, freedom of expression and belief, and comparing these slogans with the current situation of Muslims in Britain.
Article 4 of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief (Declaration on Religious Intolerance and Discrimination), which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1981, calls upon States to take effective measures to prevent and eliminate discrimination based on religion and belief in order to identify, implement, and enjoy human rights and fundamental freedoms in all spheres of civil, economic, political, social, and cultural life.
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