چکیده:
This article examines the tools and methods of mobilization and political action in the Tobacco Movement with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the history of contemporary social and political transformations and how they function. The question raised in this article is: What tools and methods did the activists of the Tobacco Movement use for mobilization and political action? The authors' hypothesis is: In the Tobacco Movement, leaflets, speeches in mosques and pulpits, the issuance of fatwas, and telegraphic messages were used to mobilize the people, while sit-ins, marches, mass demonstrations, and tearing up company announcements were used as practical actions against the government. This research was conducted using a qualitative (analytical-historical) method and through the use of documentary and library tools. In this research, first, the tools and methods used to arouse and incite the masses and shape dissatisfaction are addressed, and then the methods that opponents in the Tobacco Movement used to advance their goals are discussed. Research results indicate that due to the fundamental weakness of the Qajar sovereignty, intelligence in choosing methods, and the presence of religious and ideological components, the Tobacco Movement was able to achieve its goals.
خلاصه ماشینی:
As a result, on the date of 19 Dhu al-Hijjah 1308, Mirza Shirazi wrote a letter to Naser al-Din Shah, in which he protested against the government's ill-treatment of the clergy and declared his opposition to the tobacco monopoly contract.
This newspaper published articles criticizing the tobacco contract and the despotic government of Nasir al-Din Shah and sent them into the country, each of which played an important role in agitating and inciting the people.
After the protest of the merchants of Isfahan regarding the cancellation of the monopoly contract and threats from Zill al-Sultan, the ruler of the city, the clerics of Isfahan took action and saw the solution to end the work of the Regie Company as: «that the Muslims of Iran should completely refrain from using tobacco products so that the door of trade for these goods in the country becomes entirely closed» (Karbalayi, 1373, p.
The demonstrations that the people organized to cancel the tobacco and cotton monopoly contract were actually considered an innovative action that added this method of protest to the repertoire of social activism of the Iranian people.
For example, the method of protest in the form of preventing the entry of Reage Company agents during the Tobacco Movement was observed only in the cities of Shiraz and Tabriz.
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