Reason against Reason: Observations on Enlightenment مقاله

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To deal with such issues, they must step outside the scope of their specialized work, and moreover, given the strict separation of science from any other intellectual endeavor, they can never believe that the concept of truth, even if their scientific research entails it, can also be applied to the ultimate decisions of society or the individual. The decline of independent thought in the individual and the confrontation between scientific and religious truth in society are only two signs of a single issue that characterizes our era. The nature of this movement can be characterized by two quotes from Voltaire: "O philosopher, the precise observation of the experiences of [physical] science, art, and industry, these mean true philosophy. Philosophy, according to Voltaire's definition, means "the precise observation of the experiences of physical science, art, and industry," and philosophy, according to the doctrine of "natural law" or any concept such as "intuition" or "innate ideas," can only be combined in an artificial way. The decline of the philosophical essence of all fundamental ideas in the face of the seemingly triumphant Enlightenment is one instance of the manifestation of reason's tendency toward self-destruction. The respect that the modern scientist shows toward them, of course only when they are used outside the scope of his specialized studies, does not change the fact that the internal logic of science itself is directed toward a conception of truth that completely denies the recognition of phenomena such as the soul or the individual.