Renewal Failures مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

" Also, it is possible that these structural characteristics are to some extent indicative of the nature of those political orientations and activities that exist among the broader groups of society within these societies, and also explanatory of the fact that the demands and aspirations of all these societies are one: namely, the attempt to direct and control social transformations and all paths of social and occupational mobility within them, and the monopolization of all power positions and the allocation of prestige. The fundamental problem of these societies was not the relatively low level of modernization, but rather the important problem of the lack of development of new institutional sets, the lack of regulatory mechanisms, and normative prohibitions that are supported in strategic sectors of the social structure and can cope with the various problems that arise in these areas. First, in all these cases, in almost all institutional domains, there is a tendency toward a state of growing interaction between various groups and strata that leads them into new common frameworks and the creation of increasing differentiations, while simultaneously moving toward a lack of sufficient mechanisms to cope with the problems existing in this situation—differentiations were not established. It does not seem that the new symbols developed or supported in these countries have any relevance or connection to everyday and more detailed issues, meaning those issues that the rules established by "instrumental" cadres attempt to resolve, while some of the gaps between these different orientations are perhaps an inherent characteristic of every political system, and their extent in the systems examined here is much sharper and more extreme.